ROBERTO VOORBIJ

Roberto Voorbij

BIOGRAPHY:

Roberto Voorbij (1974) lives and works in Amsterdam, holds a bachelor degree in
Visual Arts and Art History from the HKU University of the Arts Utrecht and has
attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago where he took classes from a.o.
Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle during the late 1990s. Voorbij is a multidisciplinary artist,
apart from working with ‘ready made’ materials, he works with 3D Software,
(digital) collage and video.

Besides (national) identity are public space and religion recurring themes in
Voorbij's work. The latter interest is motivated by a Catholic upbringing, which
contrasts with an ever-increasing secularization in the Netherlands. From this
perspective also his 'Artist Portraits' can be interpreted - besides the clear
reference to the art world - more spiritually. As a form of animism the question
arises whether a work of art itself can become inspired, how the maker
resonates and transforms into the creation he or she leaves behind.

In addition to a representation by online gallery Saatchi Art, Voorbij is represented
by Leontia Gallery in London. In 2020 his work was part of the International
Biennial of Asunción, Paraguay. As part of a group show his short ‘Without clear
purpose’ screened at Museum of the Moving Image, New York. The next year his
short ‘Carte Blanche’ screened at BOMBA Gallery, Moscow. One of his Artist
Portraits was part of the traveling group exhibition 'The World of Frida' in the
United States until 2022. Further, from 2024-2027 his short ‘Carte Blanche’ will
be screened in the elevators of citizenM, Austin, US.

FILMOGRAPHY:

#PeopleChurchNobility (2024), Amsterdam, Central Station (Tram Stop) (2020), Carte
Blanche (2019), The ultimate stimulus - trailer (2019), Without clear purpose
(2016), Doppler. (2016), Slides (2015), One minute silence (2015), THE IDEAL
CRASH (2015), DI SOTTO IN SÙ (2014), Amsterdam 10:10 (2014), Freeway
(2014), Mo Tu We Th Fr (2014), Screen-Free Week 2013 (2013), Waiting Room
(2012), WTC ELEVEN YEARS AFTER THREE YEARS BEFORE (2009), DUTCH
ANGLE (2008), The ultimate stimulus (1999), Everyday (1998)

EXHIBITIONS AND PRIZES:

2024-2027: Video installation - 'Carte Blanche'- as part of 'Wait For It - The One Minutes' -
at CitizenM Austin Downtown, US, February 2024-27

2024: Factor IJ Kunstmarkt, Pampuslaan 11 Amsterdam 15.12.2024

2024: Sunday Market Westergas, Amsterdam 01.12.2024

2024: Screening of 'One Minute Silence' @ 60Seconds Festival - I CRY and I CRY, Denmark
15-24.11.2024

2024: Le Marie Marché, Lange Vijverberg, The Hague 03.11.2024

2024: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 27.10.2024

2024: Screening of 'Carte Blanche' @ International Short Film, Video and Photography
Symposium - THIEF video screening, Istanbul 25-27.10.24

2024: Screening of '#PeopleChurchNobility' @ The Open Nights Festival vol. 9,
Larissa, Greece, 17-26.10.2024

2024: Le Marie Marché, Lange Vijverberg, The Hague 05.10.2024

2024: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' @ Kurzfilmnacht - Kultur Kiosk bei Lene,
Leipzig, Germany, 19.09.2024

2024: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 15.09.2024

2024: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' @ 10th anniversary Kurzfilmwanderung
Leipzig, Germany, 13.09.2024

2024: Kunstmarkt Bergen - Around the Ruin Church, Bergen, The Netherlands
22.08.24

2024: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 18.08.2024

2024: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 21.07.2024

2024: Sunday Market, Westergas, Amsterdam 07.07.2024

2024: Kunst Markt Noord, Expocafé Zamen, Amsterdam 30.06.2024

2024: Screening of '#PeopleChurchNobility' @ Mister Vorky, Ruma, Serbia,
20-23.06.2024

2024: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 16.06.2024

2024: Atelierroute IJburg + group exhibition Factor IJ, Amsterdam 25-26.05.2024

2024: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 19.05.2024

2024: Screening of '#PeopleChurchNobility' - The Anthropocene Project @ The
New Museum of Networked Art, Cologne, Germany, 17.05-13.06.2024

2024: Screening of 'Carte Blanche' - The One Minutes @ International Short Film
Festival Oberhausen 05.05.2024

2024: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 21.04.2024

2024: Group exhibition @ ZAMEN, Amsterdam, 12.04-05.05.2024

2024: Winter Market, Amsterdam Castle Muiderslot 24-25.02.2024

2024: Kunst Markt Noord, Expocafé Zamen, Amsterdam 04.02.2024

2024: Sunday Market, Westergas, Amsterdam 07.01.2024

2023: BOYCOTT'S XMAS MARKET @ Café BORISOV, Amsterdam 12AM-5:PM 17.12.2023

2023: MAJA MERCADO, Museum ‘t Kromhout, Amsterdam 10.12.2023

2023: Group exhibition: Christmas Sale - WG Kunst, Amsterdam 08-17.12.2023

2023: Sunday Market, Westergas, Amsterdam 03.12.2023

2023: Museum Market, Museumplein - Amsterdam 22.10.2023

2023: Preview of ‘DADOES’ as part of Colour Your Dreams - 60Seconds Festival
@ Skabelonloftet, during Culture Night Copenhagen, Denmark 13.10.23

2023: Sunday Market, Rokin, Amsterdam, 24.9.2023

2023: Sunday Market, Westergasfabriek, Amsterdam, 03.09.2023

2023: Museum Market, Museumplein, Amsterdam, 20.08.2023

2023: The Maker Market, De Hallen, Amsterdam, 29-30.07.2023

2023: Museum Market, Museumplein, Amsterdam, 18.06.2023

2023: Museum Market, Museumplein, Amsterdam, 21.05.2023

2023: Museum Market, Museumplein, Amsterdam, 16.04.2023

2023: Museum Market, Museumplein, Amsterdam, 19.03.2023

2023: The Maker Market, De Hallen, Amsterdam, 23.01.2023

2019-2022: Group exhibition: 'The World of Frida’ traveling exhibition USA, 2019-2022
Organized by Bedford Gallery, Walnut Creek, CA, USA

2022: Vrij Paleis Open, Amsterdam, 29.09-02.10.2022

2022: Broedplaats Market, Volkshotel, Amsterdam, 22.05.2022

2022: Vrij Paleis Open, Amsterdam, 06-08.05.2022

2022: Screening of 'Amsterdam, Central Station (Tram Stop)' at Short Movie Sunday,
Volkshotel, Amsterdam, 03.20.2022

2022: The Maker Market, De Hallen, Amsterdam, 26.02.2022

2021: Group exhibition [online] Love Is Not An Ideology - Charity Exhibition,
Zebra One Gallery, London, 05.10-05.12.2021

2021: Group exhibition: ‘Traces of the future’ - Momentum Gallery, Krakow,
24.11-08.12.2021

2021: Screening of ‘Amsterdam, Central Station (Tram Stop)’ at DA FEST[8] –
International Festival for Digital Arts, Sofia, 26-30.10.2021

2021: Screening of ‘Carte Blanche’ at Bomba Video Club, Moscow, 04.06.2021

2021: Launch: Global Art Project - Nocroni, 11.03.2021-onwards

2021: Group presentation; [online] POPinnART Art The Hague, 2021

2021: Group exhibition: Artist Support Pledge - De Balie, Amsterdam,
12.12.2020-03.01.2021 & 12-27.06.2021

2020: Group exhibition [online] Modigliani Tribute - Fondazione Amedeo Modigliani,
11.12.2020-onwards

2020: BOOK: The Art Collective POPinnART Corona Proof Exhibition

2020: Solo presentation: midnightin.amsterdam Art Window, 03-29.11.2020

2020: Online auction: Help Refugees/Choose Love, Leontia Gallery, London
21-27.10.2020

2020: Group exhibition: International Fine Arts Festival Kranj, Slovenia,
28.09-03.11.2020

2020: Screening of ‘Carte Blanche’ [online]: at VI DOBRA 2020 a co-production with
Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 08.09-27.09.2020

2020: Group exhibition [online]: Athens Digital Arts Festival, 16th edition |
Technotribalism, 10.07-10.09.2020

2020: Group exhibition: Summer opening Nieuw Dakota: Corona archives Passage,
Amsterdam 12.07-30.08.2020

2020: Screening of ‘The Ideal Crash’ as part of The One Minutes series ‘Our Soul Isn’t
a Border’ Kinemastik International Short Film Festival - Neck Of The Woods @ Pietà
Kiosk - Malta 24/7 24.07-02.08.2020

2020: Groupshow [online] Covid-19 Portrait show - Galery 1313, Toronto, Canada 6.6.2020

2020: Group exhibition: International Biennial of Asunción, Paraguay, 02-31.03.2020

2020: The Maker Market, De Hallen, Amsterdam, 25.01.2020

2019: Screening of ‘Carte Blanche’ at AMFAB Open Studios - Bridgeport Art Trail,
Bridgeport, CT, USA 9-10.11.2019

2019: Group exhibition: 'Changing City' Seeyou@art - De Hallen, Amsterdam, 9.11.2019

2019: Screening of 'Di sotto in sù’ at Museum Night Amsterdam - Let’s Play Art Gallery,
2.11.2019

2019: Group exhibition: ‘Art The Hague’ POPinnART - Fokker Terminal,The Hague,
02-06.10.2019

2019: Group exhibition: Selections from Under the Subway Video Art Night,
Museum of the Moving Image, New York, 19.06-29.09.2019

2019: Group exhibition: ZomerExpo 2019 Europa, Museum De Fundatie, Zwolle,
25.05-01.09.2019

2019: Group exhibition: ‘Great Artists Steal’ Popinnart - LOODS 6, Amsterdam,
12.13.14.04.2019

2019: Exhibition @ X BANK (store + gallery), Amsterdam, 15.02-16.07.2019

2018: Screening of ‘Without clear purpose’ at Videomedeja, Novi Sad, Serbia.
31.08-02.09.2018

2018: Group exhibition ‘The World of Frida’ at Bedford Gallery, Walnut Creek, CA, USA,
08.07-16.09.2018

2018: Group exhibition Popinnart, Amsterdam, 01.07.2018-onwards

2018: Screening of ‘Portrait 7: Warhol’ at Fest Anča, Žilina, Slovakia,
28.06.-01.07.2018

2018: Screening of ‘The ‘Ideal Crash’ at the International Short Film Festival
Oberhausen, Germany. As part of the May selection of The One Minutes curated
by Salomé Lamas, titled ‘Our Soul Isn't A Border'. As well being presented at
Dortmunder U - Germany, East China Normal University - Shanghai, MUArtspace
- Eindhoven, Museum Hilversum, SandbergInstituut and De School - Amsterdam,
05.2018.

2018: Screening of ‘One Minute Silence' at the Geo Film Festival at Cittadella,
Padova, Italy, 03.03-04.03.2018

2018: ‘Portrait 7: Warhol’, installation at The Pugnant Film Series, Irida, Athens,
14.1.2018

2017: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' at ANILOGUE International Animation
Festival, Budapest, 29.11-03.12.2017

2017: Screening of ‘Portrait 7: Warhol’ at The Wrong Digital Biennale: Internet
Fame Pavilion, 1.11.2017- 31.01.2018

2017: Screening of ‘Doppler’ at Biela Noc 2017, Bratislava, Slovakia, 7.10.2017

2017: Screening of ‘Portrait 7: Warhol’ at the Short Filmfestival Roosendaal,
29.09.-1.10.2017

2017: Groupexhibition PLAY –Semana de Videoarte, Corrientes, Argentina,
22.-29.09.2017

2017: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' at the Kurzfilmwanderung, Leipzig,
Germany, 15.07.2017

2017: Screening of ‘One Minute Silence’ at Non-Verbal Communication video night,
Calabria 66, Barcelona, 6.10.2017

2017: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' at MR. MOV, Brescia, Italy, 20.07.2017

2017: Screening of 'Doppler' at Fest Anča, Žilina, Slovakia, 29.06.-02.07.2017

2017: Installation 'Without clear purpose' at Rotterdams Open Doek Filmfestival,
19.20.21.05.2017

2017 Group exhibition Kunstweekend Beetsterzwaag ‘De Stijl’ - Huize Lyndenstein.
01-02.07.2017

2017: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' at the Zwols Animatie Film Festival.
16.-17.06.2017

2017: Group exhibition Urban Culture Days at culture hub LELY, Amsterdam,
09-10.06.2017

2017: Group exhibition Çanakkale Art Walk 2017 Homeland at Kunsthalle Osnabrück,
Kunst-Quartier des BBK, Kunstraum der Gesellschaft für zeigenössische Kunst e.V,
Museumsquartier (Felix-Nussbaum-Haus/Kulturgeschichtliches Museum), 06.06.-06.08.2017

2017: Screening of ’THE IDEALCRASH’ at MISTER VORKY, Ruma, Serbia, 2.-4.06.2017

2017: Jubilee Exhibition 20 YEARS WG KUNST, Amsterdam, 26-28.05.2017

2017: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' at UNDER THE SUBWAY VIDEO ART NIGHT,
New York, São Paulo, Milan, Madrid, València, Palma de Mallorca, Malaga, 27.05.2017

2017: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' at the Ammehoela Film Festival. Amsterdam,
15.04.2017

2017: Screening of 'Without clear purpose' at the Holland Animation Film Festival,
23.–26.03.2017

2017: Screening of ‘One minute silence’ the 300. Stuttgarter Filmwinter 18.–22.01.2017

2016: Group exhibition ‘Money Talks’ at Leontia Gallery, London. November 18 -
December 18

2016: Screening of ‘Without clear purpose’ at Brand New Blinkers 'BIG AND SMALL',
short film night - London, November 17

2016: ‘The ideal crash’ nominated for ’The One Minutes China Contest 2016’, Shanghai,
November 9. Broadcasting on Shanghai Dragon Television, November 17

2016: ‘BYOA (Bring your own art)’ Museumnacht, Amsterdam - Van Eesterenmuseum.

2016: Screening of ‘One minute silence’ at Brand New Blinkers 'HISTORY', short film
night - London, 2016

2016: Summer Lounge, curated by Jaap Drupsteen - Atak, Enschede, July 14, 2016

2016: 'Artist Portraits' - Scheltema, Amsterdam. June 9 - July 3, 2016.

2016: Screening of ‘One minute silence’ - Flotter Dreier Wettbewerb - at the
Hamburg International Short Film Festival. May 31 - June 6, 2016

2016: Group exhibition ‘The GIF That Keeps On Giffing’ - GIF Weekender Festival.
Volkshotel Amsterdam, April 29 – May 1, 2016.

2016: Screening of ‘Slides’ - Competition Dutch animation - and 'Doppler' - Competition
HAFFTube - at the Holland Animation Film Festival.

2015: 'Artist Portraits' - De Balie, Amsterdam. September 10 - October 7.

2015: Screening of ‘DI SOTTO IN SÙ’ at the Festival Construction 2015: form and
content. Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. September 7-12.

2015: Screening of ‘THE IDEAL CRASH’ and ‘DI SOTTO IN SÙ’ at the CyBorg Film
Festival VIII - circuito CyBorg Off. CyBorg book - Anghiari, Italy. July 26.

2015: Group exhibition, ‘Show what you want show’. BART INVITES, Amsterdam.
Exhibition on the occasion of the launch of the new magazine Platform Platvorm.

2015: Solo. Bar Moustache, Utrechtsestraat 141, Amsterdam & Solo. Wolvenstraat 23,
Amsterdam.

2014: Group exhibition, RADION, Amsterdam. Exhibitors: Studio Pascal Smelik, Evelien
Nijeboer, Adzer van der Molen, Roberto Voorbij.

2014: Group exhibition, The ArtFabric. Berlin, Germany + favela do Gato, São Paulo,
Brazil.

2014: Group exhibition, '24/7'. Kunsthalle Osnabrück, Germany.

2014: Animation 'Screen Free Week 2013' selected for the international webcompetition
HAFFTube of the Holland Animation Film Festival.

2013: Screening of 'Amsterdam 10:10' at the Rotterdam VHS Festival #18. As part of the
'VHS Month' at WORM.

2013: Short video 'Mo Tu We Th Fr' selected for the NFF Online Competition of the 33rd
Dutch Film Festival.

2013: Screening of 'Waiting Room' at the CyBorg Film Festival, competition sci fi &
anime. Dolceacqua (Imperia), Italy. June 7, 8, 9.

2013: Group exhibition, Kunst Festival / Festival d'Art SYMBIOSE. De StadsGalerij,
Breda.

2013: Group exhibition, Street Art Without Borders. Crackolandia - São Paulo, Brazil

2012: Silence is a lie, urban art - group exhibition. Sport- und Erholungszentrum (SEZ),
Berlin.

2012: Group exhibition, Open Source Expo - Incubate festival. Koepelhal, Tilburg.

2012: Group exhibition PI (Labor Incubator) FREEDOM? PRIVACY? - Decumanus
Gallery, Krk - Croatia. Organized by The Art and Culture Laboratory [KUL•].

2011: Sticker in der Kunst - Weserburg Museum for Contemporay Art, Bremen.
International Sticker Awards 2011.

2011: ZomerExpo 2011 - Gemeentemuseum Den Haag.

2011: ArtUnit - Window Gallery, Haarlem.

2010: Do it - Play it! evening at Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. Open Source Image
Experiment Boomerang Create.

2010: Dreams, artproject in the public space. Vondelpark, Amsterdam.Posted on
rebelart.net, blogger.xs4all.nl/chmkoome, rutgerfloor.blogspot.com and more.

2010: Presentation of 'Panorama Holland' and panel discussion. Challenge New
Media - Zwols Animatie Film Festival.

2010: Artproject The Jay, the Sheep and the Culture Medium commissioned by
bioTRADING Benelux B.V. on the occasion of its 30th anniversary.

2009: Dead Darlings IV Anonymous Art Auction, Mediamatic Bank, Amsterdam.

2009: Solo. Off-program RED A.i.R., Artist-In-Residence Program - Redlight Art
Amsterdam. Independent Fashion (OntFront / Nuzyn), Amsterdam.

2009: Group exhibition, 'Democracy in Action - An Artist's Point of View'. Eutopia
Academy Masterclass 2009. Atrium, Den Haag. Nomination for Artist in Action prize.

2009: Solo. Café Nassau, Amsterdam.

2009: Screening of 'WTC ELEVEN YEARS AFTER THREE YEARS BEFORE' at the
Rotterdam VHS Festival #16.

2009: Solo. Wolvenstraat 23, Amsterdam.

2009: ArtUnit - Window Gallery, Haarlem.

2009: Presentation of 'The European Kingdom™'. Nomination for 'Pimp My Europe',
a call for designing new symbols and rituals for the EU. De Balie, Amsterdam.
download concept proposal (Dutch only).

2009: Presentation of 'Panorama Holland'. Selected for 'Think Ahead! Open Platform',
award competition at The Netherlands Media Art Institute(NIMk), Montevideo/Time
Based Arts.

2008: Screening of 'DUTCH ANGLE' - NPS New Arrivals 2008 / 2009 (online).

2008: 9straatjesROOD, group exhibition in the public space. 'Negen straatjes',
Amsterdam. Initiated by Vodafone

2008: Dutch Glory, group exhibition. Walls - Gallery, Amsterdam.

2008: Online Gallery ArtOlive - www.galerie.nl
direct link: www.RobertoVoorbij.artolive.nl

1999: Video installation and short film in commission of Circus Maximus, Lazy Marie
Foundation, Utrecht.

1998: Video Festival Utrecht - AVS Foundation. First prize, category free work / upcoming
professional.

1998: 25th Zwelgfilmavond, video installation - Lazy Marie Foundation, Utrecht.

1998: The Saloon, Utrecht.

1998: Documentary 'Jop Horst' - Begane Grond, Utrecht.

1997: Art Manifestation Utrecht.

1997: Graduation Show - Utrecht School of the Arts. Nomination Prins Bernhard Fund
and nomination Piet Bakker Prize.

PUBLICATIONS - PRESS:

2015: BIG AMSTERDAM ART CALENDAR / GROTE AMSTERDAMSE KUNSTKALENDER
2016

2015: PLATFORM PLATVORM, the first issue, summer 2015.

2015: 'Artist Portraits' series featured on MY AMP GOES TO 11.

2014: THE ILLEGAL DOESN'T EXIST featured on postersinamsterdam.com

2013: 'The Red Tape' part of Platform Openbare Ruimte, bureau ZWIRT

2013: 'The Garden of Eden' featured on WeWasteTime.

2012: Overdose.am, online magazine. 'Copyright is history, says artist Roberto
Voorbij' by Alexander Tempel.

2012: Klebstoff Magazine - issue 4. Contribution of LIVE FAST DIE YOUNG + artist
statement.

2011: Catalogue ZomerExpo 2011 'Anoniemgekozen' a publication
of Gemeentemuseum Den Haag and foundation ArtWorlds .

2011 Weblog VILLA LA REPUBBLICA, ‘Zomerexpo in het Haagse Gemeentemuseum:
Een kleine keus uit een grote keus'.

2010: Eutopia - No. 23, DEC 2009 - JAN 2010; Democracy in Action - An Artist's Point Of
View. ‘Het DOEN. Het bieden van tegenwicht’ by Wanda Zoet.

2009: Short interview for Radio Netherlands / Wereldomroep - 'Network Europe', 26 May
2009, on the occasion of 'Pimp my Europe'.

2009: Short interview for Business News Radio by Jeroen Stans - 'On the Move', 25 May
2009, on the occasion of 'Pimp my Europe'.

2008: Catalogue '9 STRAATJESROOD' a publication of Vodafone Nederland and
Kunstenaars&CO. download catalogue (pdf)

2008: NL20 - nr.16 vol.5; '9 STRAATJESROOD' by Hans van Lissum.

2008: Boomerang / FreshCotton; use of 'The process of art making' (2004) as t-shirt
design.

2006: Baxpax Hostel Hotel, Berlin; use of ‘Fed’ (2004) as a promotional postcard.

2005: ADBUSTERS magazine - mar/apr 2005; use of ‘Nothing’ (2004) on the occasion
of ‘Buy nothing day’.

PUBLICATIONS BY ROBERTO VOORBIJ:

2009 till now: The Bleeding Tomato, art blog.

2015: Accompanying text for Rutger Floor, Unruly Gallery group show at Dog and Pony.

2013: Lost At E Minor - several guest posts written for the online magazine 'Lost At E
Minor'.

2012: POPULIST - No. 4, JUL - AUG 2012. 'Interview Olav Velthuis - Talking Prices' by
Roberto Voorbij.

2011: POPULIST - No. 4, NOV 2011. 'I amsterdam, I amor patria, I amnesia. Amsterdam
from port of refuge to tourist paradise - a user guide' by Roberto Voorbij.

2011: POPULIST - No. 3, APR 2011. 'Cady Noland. The American Dream' by Roberto
Voorbij.

2010: Persijn Broersen & Margit Lukács - website, August 2010. 'Extreme Territory,
Glorious Building' by The Bleeding Tomato.

EDUCATION AND WORK:

2003 till now: Freelance designer / autonomous artist (expertise 3d-software).

2009: ‘Democracy in Action - An Artist's Point Of View’. Eutopia Academy Masterclass
2009.

2008: 'Michel Foucault: The production of man', reading group by Elise van Alphen.
W139, Amsterdam.

2004: ‘Experiment and Hallucination’, film course - Gerrit Rietveld Academy, Amsterdam.

2002-2003: ‘Film, Art and Fashion’, course - University of Amsterdam.

2000-2002: Commercial Employee - Memid Investments Inc., Mijdrecht.

1998-1999: ‘Computer As Basis’ and ‘Orientation Videomontage On The Computer’,
courses - Artibus, Utrecht.

1998: Graphic Design - Utrecht School of the Arts.

1993-1998: Bachelor of Education in Visual Arts and Art History - Utrecht School of the
Arts (diploma obtained).

1998: Documentary ‘Jop Horst’, student internship - Begane Grond, Utrecht.

1996: Advanced sculpture, computer-imaging, welding - The School of the Art Institute
of Chicago.

1993: Pre-University Education - Veenlanden College, Mijdrecht (diploma obtained)